DUNCAN I, (son of Crinan, Hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethoc his wife, daughter of Malcolm II), reigned 1034-40, during which the north and west of Scotland were conquered by the Northmen, under Thorfinn, Jarl of the Orkneys, he married a cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, and had three sons,

1a MALCOLM III, of whom presently.

2a DONALD BANE, who succeeded his nephew.

3a Melmare

He was killed 14 Aug. 1040, by his cousin, Macbeth, Mormaer of Moray, who had joined forces with those of the invader, and who succeeded him.

His first cousin,

MACBETH, (son of Filaec, Mormaer of Moray, and Donada, daughter of Malcolm II), reigned from 1040-57, (his kingdom being confined to the country south and west of the Tay, Thorfinn ruling over the remainder), he married Gruoch, widow of Gillacomgan and daughter of Bode, son of Kenneth III, and was killed without issue 15 Aug. 1057, by Malcolm, son of Duncan I at Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, he was succeeded by his stepson,

LULACH, (son of GILLACOMGAN, Mormaer of Moray, and Gruoch his wife, daughter of BODE, son of KENNETH III), was made King by MACBETH'S party, and after reigning seven months, was slain at Essie, in Strathbogie, 17 March, 1057-58, leaving issue,

1a MALSNECHTIA.

1a a daughter, whose son,

1b ANGUS, succeeded to the Earldom of Moray, was associated with Malcolm, natural son of ALEXANDER I, in an insurrection against DAVID I, but was defeated and slain in 1130.

His successor,

MALCOLM III, known as Ceannmor, or Great Head, born circa 1031, (eldest son of DUNCAN I), ascended the throne, 17 March, 1057-58. Under him, the provinces acquired by Thorfinn, fell again under native rule. He married 1stly, circa 1059, Ingibjorg, daughter or widow of Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney, and had issue,

1a DUNCAN II.

2a Malcolm, living 1094.

3a Donald, died 1085.

He married 2ndly, 1068-69, Margaret (died 16 Nov. 1093, and was canonised as St. Margaret), daughter of Edward Atheling and sister of EDGAR ATHELING, who had fled to Scotland with his sisters, and by her had issue,

4a Edward, wounded with his father at Alnwick, died 16 Nov. 1093.

5a EDMUND, mentioned hereafter, died a monk.

6a Ethelred, Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, died before 1097.

7a EDGAR, successively King of Scotland

8a ALEXANDER, successively King of Scotland.

9a DAVID, successively King of Scotland

1a Eadgith, otherwise Matilda, married 11 Nov. 1100, HENRY I of England, and died 1 May, 1118, leaving issue. He died 1 Dec. 1135.

2a. Mary, married 1102, Eustace, Count of Boulogne, and died 31 May, 1116, leaving issue.

Malcolm was slain at Alnwick, 13 Nov. 1093 (buried at Tynemouth) and was succeeded by his brother,

DONALD BANE became King of Scots, 13 Nov. 1093, but was deposed May, 1094, by his nephew,

DUNCAN II, born1060, son of MALCOLM III, by his 1st wife. He married circa 1090, Ethelreda, daughter of Cospatrick, Earl of Northumberland, and had issue, a son, DUNCAN, father of WILLIAM, whose son, William of Egremont, died under age. DUNCAN II, after reigning six months, was slain at Mondynes, 12 Nov. 1094, when,

DONALD BANE resumed the throne, 12 Nov. 1094, his nephew, EDMUND, son of MALCOLM III (and Margaret, his wife), being conjoined with him. In 1097, through means of EDGAR ATIIELING, DONALD was defeated and expelled from Scotland, EDMUND imprisoned, and the throne assumed by EDGAR (another son of MALCOLM III). DONALD BANE'S grand-daughter and heiress, HEXTILDA, married Richard Comyn, and their descendant, John Comyn, known as the Black Comyn, was one of the competitors for the Scottish Crown in 1291. Donald Bane was succeeded by

EDGAR, born 1074, son of MALCOLM III, reigned from 1097-1107, died unmarried 8 Jan. 1106-7, and was succeeded by his brother,

ALEXANDER I, born1077. While Alexander reigned over Scotland, north of the Forth and Clyde, his brother DAVID, who had been trained in England, and was Earl of Northumberland, ruled with the title of Earl in Lothian and Cumbria. Alexander married Sybilla (died without issue 12 July, 1122), natural daughter of HENRY I of England. He died at Stirling, 23 April, 1124, and was succeeded by his yst. brother,

DAVID I (called The Saint), born circa 1080, married circa 1114, Matilda, widow of Simon de Senlis or St. Liz, and daughter and heiress of Waltheof, Earl of Huntingdon, and had issue,

1a Malcolm, strangled when a child by his great-uncle Donald Bane.

2a HENRY, Earl of Huntingdon, married 1139, - (died 1178), daughter of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and died in the lifetime of the father. 12 June, 1152, leaving issue,

1b MALCOLM, succeeded his grandfather.

2b WILLIAM, The Lion, afterwards King of Scotland.

3b DAVID, Earl of Huntingdon in England, married 26 Aug. 1190, Maud, daughter and in her issue co-heir of Hugh de Kevilioc, Earl of Chester, and died 17 June 1219, having had issue,

1c Robert, died v p unm.

2c Henry, died in lifetime of the father unmarried.

3c JOHN (called The Scot), Earl of Chester and Huntingdon, died without issue 5 June, 1237.

1c MARGARET, married 1209, Alan, Lord of Galloway (died 1234), and had issue, three daughters.,

ld Helen, married Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and had issue. He died 1264.

2d Christian, married 1236, William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, and died without issue 1245-6.

3d. Devorguilla, married 1233, JOHN BALIOL (died 1269), and died 28 Jan. 1289-90, having had issue,

le Hugh (Sir) of Barnard Castle, died without issue before 10 April, 1271.

2e Alan, of Barnard Castle, died without issue

3e Alexander (Sir), of Barnard Castle, died without issue before 13 Nov. 1278.

4e JOHN BALIOL, the successful competitor for the Crown in 1292.

1e Cecilia, died unmarried.

2e Ada, married 1266, William Lindsay, of Lambarton.

3e Alianora, married John Comyn, of Badenoch.

2c ISOBEL, married Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale (died 1245), and had issue, with a daughter Beatrice married. Hugo de Neville, an only son,

1d ROBERT BRUCE, Lord of Annandale, the competitor for the Crown in 1291-92 (and who had first claimed the Crown under a verbal nomination (by tanistry) to him by Alexander III, failing the Maid of Norway, and her issue), he married Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, and died before, 3 May, 1294, having had issue,

le Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale, married 1271, Margaret (died 1292), widow of Adam de Kilconcath Kilconquhar, and daughter and heiress of Neil, 2nd Earl of Carrick, in whose right he became Earl of Carrick, and had issue,

1f ROBERT, eventually KING OF SCOTLAND.

2f EDWARD, had the Earldom of Carrick conferred on him by his brother, was crowned KING OF IRELAND 2 May 1316, and killed at the battle of Dundalk, 14 Oct. 1318, without legitimate issue

3f. Thomas, executed at Carlisle, 9 Feb. 1306-7.

4f Alexander, executed at Carlisle, 9 Feb. 1306-7.

5f Nigel, beheaded Sept. 1306.

1f Isabel, married before 25 Sept. 1293, Eric II, King of Norway, son of Magnus VI.

2f Mary, married 1stly, Sir Neil Campbell, of Lochow, 2ndly, Sir Alexander Fraser, Lord Chamberlain of Scotland.

3f Christian, married 1stly, Gratney, Earl of Mar, 2ndly, Sir Christopher Seton, 3rdly, Sir Andrew Moray, of Bothwell.

4f Matilda, married Hugh, Earl of Ross.

5f Margaret, married Sir William de Carlyle.

2e William, married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Raymond de Sully.

3e Bernard (Sir), of Conington and Exton, Rutland, married 1stly, Alicia de Clare, and 2ndly, Constance de Morleyn. His son,

1f Sir John Bruce, of Exton, left an only daughter and heir,

1g Jane, married Sir Nicholas Green.

4e Richard, died v p before 26 Jan. 1286-7.

3c Matilda, died unmarried.

4c Ada, married Henry de Hastings, and was mother of Sir Henry Hastings, of Ashill, Norfolk, whose son John, 1st Baron Hastings, was one of the competitors for the Crown in 1291 (see HASTINGS, B.).

1b Ada, married 1161, Florent, Count of Holland, whose descendant, Florent, Count of Holland, was a competitor for the Crown in 1291-92.

2b Margaret, married 1stly, 1160, Conan de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond (died 20 Feb. 1170-1), leaving issue, an only dau,

1c Constance wife of Geoffrey, son of HENRY II of England.

She married 2ndly, Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford.

3b Matilda, died young, 1152.

1a Claricia, died unmarried

2a Hodierna, died unmarried

David I, died 24 May, 1153, and was succeeded by his grandson.

MALCOLM IV (called The Maiden), born 20 March, 1141-2, died unm 9 Dec. 1165 (buried at Dunfermline), and was succeeded by his brother,

WILLIAM (known as The Lion), born circa 1143, enthroned at Scone, 24 Dec. 1165, married 5 Sept. 1186, Ermengarde (died 11 Feb. 1233-4), daughter of Richard, Viscount of Bellomont, and had issue,

1a ALEXANDER, afterwards ALEXANDER II.

1a Margaret, married 1221, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Justiciary of England, and afterwards of Ireland, and died without surviving issue 1295.

2a Isabel, married 1225, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. He died without issue 4 July, 1270.

3a Marjory, married 1 Aug. 1235, Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, and died without issue 17 Nov. 1244. He died after 27 June, 1241.

William had also five illegitimate children, a son and four daughters, from each of whom sprang one of the claimants to the Crown in 1291-92. WILLIAM (The Lion), died at Stirling 4 Dec. 1214, was buried at Aberbrothock, and was succeeded by his son,

ALEXANDER II, born 24 Aug. 1198, enthroned 6 Dec. 1214. He married 1stly, 19 June, 1221, Joan, (died without issue 4 March, 1237-8), daughter of King JOHN of England. He married 2ndly, 15 May, 1239, Mary (who married 2ndly, before 6 June, 1257, Jean de Brienne, son of John, King of Jerusalem), daughter of Ingelram (or Enguerand) de Couci, Baron de Couci in Picardy, and by her had issue, a son,

1a ALEXANDER, his successor as ALEXANDER III.

Alexander II had also a natural daughter, Marjory, married Alan Durward, the Justiciary, whose grandson, Nicolas de Soulis, was one of the competitors for the Crown. He died at the Island of Kerrera 8 July, 1249, and was buried in Melrose Abbey and was succeeded by his only son,

ALEXANDER III, born 4 Sept. 1241, enthroned at Scone, 13 July, 1249, married 1stly, 26 Dec. 1251, Margaret (died 26 Feb. 1274-5), elder daughter, of Henry III of England, and had issue,

1a Alexander, Prince of Scotland, born 21 Jan. 1263-4, married 15 Nov. 1282, Margaret, daughter or Guy, Count of Flanders, and died without issue 28 Jan. 1283-4.

2a DAVID, born 20 March, 1272-3, died unmarried June, 1281.

1a Margaret, born 28 Feb. 1260-1, married 31 Aug. 1281, Eric Magnusson, King of Norway (who married 2ndly, ante 25 Sept. 1293, Isabel, sister of ROBERT I (see above), and died 9 April, 1283, leaving issue, an only daughter

1b MARGARET, successor to her grandfather.

Alexander III, married 2ndly, 14 Oct. 1285, Yolande, daughter of Robert IV, Count de Dreux, and died without surviving issue from a fall from horseback, nr. Kinghorn, 19 March, 1285-6. He was succeeded by his grand-daughter,

MARGARET, the Maid of Norway, born before 9 April, 1283, died unmarried 28 Sept. 1290, on her passage to Scotland, and a disputed succession followed, the competitors, twelve in number, eventually agreeing to submit their claims to the arbitration of EDWARD I of England. JOHN BALIOL and ROBERT BRUCE were the two between whom the contest eventually lay, and on 17 Nov. 1292 EDWARD decided in favour of,

JOHN BALIOL, born circa 1250, (eldest surv. son of John de Baliol (by his wife Devorguilla, 3rd daughter, but eventual heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway, and his wife Margaret, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, (see above), he was crowned at Scone 30 Nov. 1292 and his acknowledgment of Edward as Lord Paramount was followed by a succession of indignities, which goaded him into resistance, and he was compelled to resign the Crown, 10 July, 1296. He married before 7 Feb. 1280-1, Isobel, daughter of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and died in France, circa April, 1313, having had issue, two sons,

1a EDWARD, crowned by the English at Scone, 24 Sept. 1332, but fled from Scotland, 18 Dec.1332, and died without issue 1383.

2a Henry, slain at Annan, 16 Dec. 1332, died without issue

Baliol’s deposition was followed by Edward’s subjugation of Scotland, and two struggles for independence, the first under Sir William Wallace, the second, with success, under ROBERT THE BRUCE, who at length succeeded as,

ROBERT (I) THE BRUCE, born 11 July, 1274, (eldest son of Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale (see above), and grandson of ALEXANDER III's nominee (tanistair), was crowned at Scone, 27 March, 1306, and re-established the independence of Scotland at Bannockburn, 24 June, 1314. He married 1stly, circa 1295, Isabel, daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar, and had issue, a daughter,

1a MARJORIE, married 1315, Walter, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and died 2 March, 1315-16, soon after having had issue, a son,

1b who eventually became ROBERT II, first king of the House of STEWART.

Robert I married 2ndly, 1302, Elizabeth de Burgh (died 26 Oct. 1327), daughter of Richard, Earl of Ulster, and by her had issue,

1a DAVID, Earl of Carrick, his successor as DAVID II.

2a John, died young.

2a Matilda, married Thomas Isaac, and died 20 July, 1353, having had issue, two daughters Joan, married John of Lord, and Katherine, died unmarried.

3a Margaret, married before 10 Nov. 1345, 5th Earl of Sutherland, and died 1358, leaving issue.

Robert I died 7 June, 1329, was buried at Dunfermline, and was succeeded by his elder son,

DAVID II, Earl of Carrick before his accession, born 5 March, 1323-4, crowned at Scone, 24 Nov. 1331. He married 1stly, 17 July, 1328, Johanna (died 14 Aug. 1362), daughter of EDWARD II of England, he married 2ndly, 20 Feb. 1363-4 (div. 20 March 1369-70), Margaret (d post 31 Jan. 1374-5), widow of Sir John Logie, and daughter of Sir Malcolm Drummond. He died without issue at Edinburgh Castle, 22 Feb. 1370-1, and was succeeded by his nephew,