MARGARET, the Maid of Norway, born before 9 April 1283; died unmarried 26 September 1290, on her passage to Scotland, and a disputed succession followed, the competitors, twelve in number, eventually agreeing to submit their claims to the arbitration of Edward I, King of England. JOHN BALIOL and ROBERT BRUCE were the two between whom the contest eventually lay, and on 17 November 1292 EDWARD decided in favour of,

JOHN BALIOL, born circa 1250, eldest surviving son of John de Baliol (by his wife Devorguilla, 3rd daughter, but eventual heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway, and his wife Margaret, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, see above). He was crowned at Scone 30 November 1292. His acknowledgment of Edward as Lord Paramount was followed by a succession of indignities, which goaded him into resistance, and he was compelled to resign the Crown, 10 July 1296. He married before 7 February 1280-1, Isobel, daughter of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and died, in France, circa April, 1313, having had issue, two sons,

1. Edward, crowned by the English at Scone, 24 September 1382, but fled from Scotland, 16 December same year, and died without issue 1368.

2. Henry, slain at Annan, 16 December 1382, died without issue

Baliol's deposition was followed by Edward's subjugation of Scotland, and two struggles for independence, the first under Sir William Wallace, the second, with success, under Robert I The Bruce, and at length,

ROBERT I The Bruce born 11 July 1274, eldest son of Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale (see before), and grandson of Alexander III's nominee (tanistair), was Crowned at Scone, 27 March 1306, and re-established the independence of Scotland at Bannockburn, 24 June, 1314. He married 1stly, circa 1295, Isabel, daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar, and had issue,

1. Marjorie, married 1315, Walter, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and died 2 March 1815-16, soon after, having had issue, a son, who eventually became Robert II, first king of the House of Stewart.

ROBERT I married 2ndly, 1302, Elizabeth de Burgh (died 26 October 1327), daughter of Richard, Earl of Ulster, and by her had issue,

1. DAVID, Earl of Carrick, his successor.

2. John, died young.

2. Matilda, married Thomas Isaac, and died 20 July 1358, having had issue,

3. Margaret, married before 10 November 1345, 5th Earl of Sutherland, and died 1358, leaving issue.

ROBERT I died 7 June, 1329, was buried. at Dunfermline, and was succeeded by his elder son,

DAVID II, Earl of Carrick before his accession, born 5 March 1323-4, Crowned at Scone, 24 November 1331. He married 1stly, 17 July 1328, Johanna (died 14 August 1362), daughter of EDWARD II, King of England. He married 2ndly, 20 February 1363-4, Margaret, widow of Sir John Logie, and daughter of Sir Malcolm Drummond. She was divorced 20 March 1369-70, and died soon after 31 January 1374-5. He died without issue at Edinburgh Castle, 22 February 1370-1, and was succeeded by his nephew,

ROBERT II, only child of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I, born 2 March 1315-16, Steward of Scotland, 9 April, 1326, Regent 1335-41, and 1346-57, created Earl of Atholl, 16 February 1341-2, Earl of Strathearn before 1357-8, and crowned at Scone, 26 March 1371. He married 1stly (by dispensation dated 22 November 1347), Elizabeth (died before 1355), daughter of Sir Adam Mure, of Rowallan. By her he had previously had issue,

1. JOHN, Earl of Carrick, 1368, succeeded to the throne as ROBERT III.

2. Walter, jure uxoris Earl of Fife, married Isabel, Countess of Fife, widow of Sir William Ramsay, and daughter and heiress of Duncan Earl of Fife, and died without issue after 14 August 1362.

3. Robert, 1st Duke of Albany, born circa 1340, Earl of Menteith by marriage, and Earl of Fife and Earl of Buchan by entail, created Duke of Albany, 1398, and Earl of Atholl for the life of Robert III 1408, Great Chamberlain 1388-1407, Governor of the realm during part of the reigns of ROBERT II and III, Regent from the death of ROBERT III to his own death, 8 September 1420, married 1stly, by dispensation, 9 September 1361, Margaret, Countess of Menteith (died 1380), widow of Sir John Moray, Lord of Bothwell, Thomas, 13th Earl of Mar, and Sir John Drummond of Concraig, and daughter of Sir John Graham (and Mary, Countess of Menteith), and had issue,

1. Murdoch, 2nd Duke of Albany, and Regent of Scotland, who was attainted and beheaded 25 May 1425. He married 17 February 1891-92, Isabel, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Duncan, Earl of Lennox, and had issue, with a daughter Isobel, married Sir Walter Buchanan of that Ilk, four sons,

(1) Robert, Master of Fife, died in the lifetime of his father without issue before 1421.

(2) Walter (Sir) of Lennox, tried and beheaded at Stirling, 24 May 1425.

(3) Alexander (Sir), beheaded 25 May 1425.

(4) James (Sir), fled to Ireland, died without issue 1451.

1. Janet, betrothed (20 July 1872) as a child to David, infant son of Sir Bartholomew de Loen and Lady Philippa Moubray, but it is doubtful if the marriage took place.

2. Maria, married Sir Willam Abernethy of Saltoun, and had issue.

3. Margaret, married 1stly, Sir John Swinton, of Swinton, and had issue. he was killed 14 September 1401. She married 2ndly, Robert Stewart of Lorn, and had further issue.

4. Isobel, married 1stly, Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross, and had issue. She married 2ndly, Walter Haliburton, of Dirleton, and had further issue.

Robert, 1st Duke of Albany married 2ndly, Muriella (died 1449), daughter of Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, and by her had issue,

2. John, 3rd Earl of Buchan on the resignation of his father, 20 September 1406, and Chamberlain of Scotland soon afterwards, head of the Scottish auxiliaries in France 1420, Constable of France, killed at Verneuil, 17 August 1424. He married 1418, Elizabeth (who married 2ndly, Sir Thomas Stewart; and 3rdly, William, Earl of Orkney), daughter of Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas, and had issue,

Margaret, married 1436, George, 1st Lord Seton, and had issue.

3. Andrew, died without issue before 1413.

4. Robert, de jure Earl of Ross, living 1431; died without issue

5. Marjory, married Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochaw, 1st Lord Campbell.

6. Elizabeth, married Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld, and had issue. He died 1440.

4. Alexander, Earl of Buchan, The Wolf of Badenoch, 1374, aud jure uxoris, Earl of Ross, married Euphemia, Countess of Ross, widow of Sir Walter Leslie, and daughter and heiress of William, 5th Earl of Ross, and died without issue 24 July 1394.

1. Margaret, married (by dispensation) 14 June, 1350, John Macdonald, Lord of the Isles. He died 1887, having had issue,

2. Marjorie, married 1stly (Papal Dispensation, 11 July 1371), her cousin, John Dunbar, who was created Earl of Moray, 9 March 1871-72. He died circa 1390, leaving issue. She married 2ndly circa 1408, Sir Alexander Keith, of Grandtown.

3. Jean, married 1stly, Sir John Keith; and married 2ndly 1379, Sir John Lyon, Chamberlain of Scotland, ancestor of the Earls of Strathmore and 3rdly, Sir James Sandilands, of Calder, ancestor of the Lords Torphichen.

4. Isabella, married 1stly (dispensation 24 September 1371), 2nd Earl of Douglas. He died without issue 19 August 1388. She married 2ndly, before 1390, Sir John Edmonstone, and had issue,

5. Elizabeth, married before 7 November 1372, Sir Thomas Hay, Constable of Scotland, ancestor of the Earls of Erroll. He died July 1408.

ROBERT II married 2ndly (Papal Dispensation 2 May 1355), Euphemia (died 1387), widow of John Randolph, Earl of Moray, and daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross, and by her had issue,

5. David, Earl Palatine of Strathearn, and Earl of Caithness, born circa 1356, and died before 1389, leaving issue, an only daughter and heiress Euphemia, Countess Palatine of Strathearn and Countess of Caithness, which latter Earldom she resigned to her uncle, Walter Stewart. She married before December 1406, her cousin, Sir Patrick Graham of Kilpont (killed 10 August 1412), son of Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine, and died October 1415, having had issue,

(1) Malise, 3rd Earl of Strathearn, who was during his minority, divested of that Earldom on the pretence that it was a male fee and was created instead Earl of Menteith 6 September 1427 (see MONTROSE, D., and BURKE'S Dormant and Extinct Peerages).

(1) Euphemia, married 1stly, 1425, Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas, married and had issue. He died 26 June, 1439. She married 2ndly, 1440, James, 1st Lord Hamilton, and died 1468-69, leaving further issue. He died 14 November 1479.

(2) Elizabeth, married Sir John Lyon of Glamis, ancestor of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

6. Walter, Earl of Caithness, on resignation of his niece Euphemia, 1390, and created Earl of Atholl 1409. He married before 19 October 1378, Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir David de Barclay, Lord of Brechin, in whose right he was Lord of Brechin. He was the chief organiser of the conspiracy to which James I fell a victim, and for which he suffered death and attainder 26 March 1437. He had two sons, David, died in the lifetime of his father, the father of Sir Robert Stewart, who suffered for complicity in the same crime 1437; and Alan, Earl of Caithness, in whose favour his father resigned that Earldom, died in the lifetime of his father unmarried 1431, killed at Inverlochy.

6. Egidia, married 1387, Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale, natural son of Archibald, 3rd Earl of Douglas, and had issue.

7. Katherine (or Jean or Elizabeth) married 1380, Sir David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford, and had issue.

ROBERT II died at his castle of Dundonald, 19 April, 1390, and was succeeded by his eldest son,